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- Lana Lam, ‘YouTube says it will be less safe for kids under Australia's social media ban’, BBC, (Web Page, 03 December 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp341gz24p5o>
- Laura Lavelle, ‘New details of ADF sexual violence probe revealed’, ABC News, (Web Page, 02 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-02/adf-sexual-violence-probe-details-revealed/106090720>
- Liam Beatty, ‘Catherine Colivas: Woman lured man to Bitcoin kidnapping’, NEWS, (Web Page, 16 December 2024) <https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/courts-law/catherine-colivas-woman-lured-saudi-arabian-prince-to-bitcoin-kidnapping/news-story/aa7b739ec13d9b29dcffb644d0fa4185>
- Lisa Heap, ‘Cutting the public service saves nothing’, The Australia Institute, (Web Page, 27 February 2025) <https://australiainstitute.org.au/post/cutting-the-public-service-saves-nothing/>
- Maeve Bannister, ‘Australian government tries to remove overseas claim from ADF sexual violence class action’, 9NEWS, (Web Page, 02 December 2025) <https://amp.9news.com.au/article/8245dc4f-7cc5-4d05-9bd2-5040dd966bb1>
- Malcolm Turnbull, ‘Labor Misleads on the NBN’, Malcolm Turnbull, (Web Page, 13 May 2015) <https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/labor-misleads-on-the-nbn>
- Mark Metherell, Lindsay Murdoch, and Sue Neales, ‘From the archives, 1992: Missing children resurface in Malaysia’, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Web Page, 24 July 2019) <https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1992-missing-children-resurface-in-malaysia-20190723-p529r0.html>
- Mark Whittaker, ‘How to get a piece of the $368b nuclear sub pie’, Forbes, (Web Page, 20 January 2025) <https://www.forbes.com.au/covers/innovation/ubh-gets-a-piece-of-the-368-nuclear-pie/>
- Matt Garrick, ‘Jessica Buckley fourth person charged over alleged $71m Defence contracts fraud’, ABC News, (Web Page, 21 November 2025) <http://abc.net.au/news/2025-11-21/fourth-person-arrested-in-alleged-defence-contract-fraud-scheme/106034670>
- Matt Hampson, ‘Teens charged after 16-year-old boy allegedly kidnapped and forced to withdraw cash from ATM in Melbourne’s west’, SKY News, (Web Page, 16 November 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/crime/teens-charged-after-16yearold-boy-allegedly-kidnapped-and-forced-to-withdraw-cash-from-atm-in-melbournes-west/news-story/de6ad1d367b5887a2d8213d6441d145e>
- Michael Atkin and Lucy Kent, ‘Optus and other telcos 'not meeting needs' of people with complaints over network issues: ombudsman’, ABC News, (Web Page, 27 November 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-27/optus-customers-complaints-network-ombudsman/106017302>
- Michael Read, ‘China issues rebuke over Australia-PNG treaty’, The Australian Financial Review, (Web Page, 09 October 2025) <https://www.afr.com/policy/foreign-affairs/expect-more-chinese-warships-closer-to-australia-military-chiefs-warn-20251007-p5n0lr>
- Michael Smith, ‘NDIS providers face $16.5m fines, jail under crackdown’, Financial Review, (Web Page, 26 November 2025) <https://www.afr.com/companies/healthcare-and-fitness/ndis-providers-face-16-5m-fines-jail-under-crackdown-20251125-p5nia4>
- Mikaela Ortolan, ‘FRV investigates claims firefighters accessed an unauthorised area of Metro Tunnel’, ABC News, (Web Page, 01 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-01/metro-tunnel-firefighter-alleged-trespassing-incident/106086438>
- Miriah Davis, ‘International students desperate for a bed being pushed into informal housing’, ABC News, (Web Page, 01 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-01/-international-students-trading-their-rights-for-a-bed/105978146>
- ‘More than 80,000 homes across Australia can’t be built due to lack of proper sewerage pipes and 'enabling infrastructure'’, SKY News, (Web Page, 26 November 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/more-than-80000-homes-across-australia-cant-be-built-due-to-lack-of-proper-sewerage-pipes-and-enabling-infrastructure/news-story/ac2faaf735260202ef7ec5c851f67ed3?amp&nk=60097ae41e4cc4b1f1bac07c2be46bfc-1764259541>
- Nassim Khadem, ‘More than 1,200 large companies paid no tax, ATO reveals, as it vows to fight profit shifting’, ABC News, ABC News, (Web Page, 01 November 2024) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-01/companies-that-paid-no-tax-in-2022-23-revealed-profit-shifting/104545520>
- Natassia Chrysanthos and Olivia Ireland, ‘Labor says Dutton’s public service cuts are from the ‘DOGE’ handbook. Here’s where jobs could go’, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Web Page, 02 April 2025) <https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/labor-says-dutton-s-public-service-cuts-are-from-the-doge-handbook-here-s-where-jobs-could-go-20250401-p5lo7v.html>
- ‘Nationals leader David Littleproud calls out ‘unbelievable’ Cost of Bureau of Meteorology website redesign’, SKY News, (Web Page, 23 November 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/nationals-leader-david-littleproud-calls-out-unbelievable-cost-of-bureau-of-meteorology-website-redesign/news-story/b910cbc7e2ced9f127b9fb34ba864d54?amp&nk=60097ae41e4cc4b1f1bac07c2be46bfc-1764181284>
- Nick McKenzie and Richard Baker, ‘Australian thalidomide managers knew drug was killing babies 'for five months'’, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Web Page, 24 May 2015) <https://www.smh.com.au/healthcare/australian-thalidomide-managers-knew-drug-was-killing-babies-for-five-months-20150524-gh8h82.html>
- Nino Bucci, ‘Hundreds potentially affected by Victoria police weapons searches that breached law’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 02 December 2025) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/dec/02/victoria-police-weapons-searches-breached-law>
- Nino Bucci and Ariel Bogle, ‘Climate protesters win groundbreaking class action against Victoria police over use of capsicum spray’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 12 December 2025) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/dec/12/victoria-police-pepper-spray-climate-activists-class-action-win>
- Olivia Di Iorio, ‘Australians with disability are uniquely affected by crime, new survey data suggests’, SBS News, (Web Page, 21 November 2025) <https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/fraud-and-physical-assault-are-more-likely-to-be-experienced-by-those-with-a-disability/mf3pb011w>
- ‘Open letter: Corruption risks and vulnerabilities in the context of an election’, National Anti-Corruption Commission, (Web Page, 07 Mar 2025) <https://www.nacc.gov.au/news-and-media/open-letter-corruption-risks-and-vulnerabilities-context-election>
- Oscar Godsell, ‘Labor ministers spent $800k of taxpayer funds on family travel as new analysis exposes the shocking bill’, SKY News, (Web Page, 09 December 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/labor-ministers-spent-800k-of-taxpayer-funds-on-family-travel-as-new-analysis-exposes-the-shocking-bill/news-story/1c93a79b553cb8175e602f9a1b3def50>
- ‘"Overseas Migration." ABS, 2023-24’, Australian Bureau of Statistics, (Web Page, 13 December 2024) <https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/overseas-migration/2023-24>
- ‘Paediatric nutritionist labels Australia's Health Star Rating system a 'disaster'’, 9NEWS, (Web Page, 04 July 2025) <https://9now.nine.com.au/a-current-affair/paediatric-nutritionist-labels-australias-health-star-rating-system-as-disaster/fb074f22-a29d-46e8-9ef1-221e485255af>
- Pat McGrath, ‘AEC investigates after missing ballot papers found at election worker's home’, ABC News, (online, 14 May 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-14/aec-investigating-after-ballot-papers-missing-barton-sydney/105286812>
- Patrick Hannaford, ‘Taxpayers to fork out $450 million on private jets for use by the Prime Minister, Governor-General and senior ministers’, Sky News, (Web Page, 20 May 2024) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/taxpayers-to-fork-out-450-million-on-private-jets-for-use-by-the-prime-minister-governorgeneral-and-senior-ministers/news-story/c24e5fdb14f186ea593e4561d9881fd5>
- Patrick Jackson, ‘What we know about the Bondi shooting suspects’, BBC, (Web Page, 16 December 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvd8z7k8kwo>
- Paul Karp, ‘Labor and Liberals could each get $19m more from the public under electoral law reform. What else would it do?’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 16 November 2024) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/nov/16/labor-liberals-public-funding-electoral-law-reform>
- Paul Karp, ‘Robodebt victims seek further compensation due to ‘damning new evidence’’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 25 September 2024) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/sep/25/robodebt-victims-seek-further-compensation-due-to-damning-new-evidence>
- Paul Karp and Luke Henriques-Gomes, ‘What is robodebt? Six things to watch for in the royal commission’s final report today’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 07 July 2023) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/07/six-things-to-watch-for-in-the-robodebt-royal-commission-report>
- Peter Switzer, ‘Is this planned cut to public service jobs too little too late?’, Switzer Daily, (Web Page, 25 November 2025) <https://switzer.com.au/the-experts/peter-switzer/is-this-planned-cut-to-public-service-jobs-too-little-too-late/>
- Philippa Roxby, ‘Ultra-processed food is global health threat, experts warn’, BBC, (Web Page, 19 November 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4pjjzd784o>
- ‘PM’s VIP Jet Charter Bill Revealed’, Herald Sun, (Web Page, 19 August 2023) <https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/pms-vip-jet-charter-bill-revealed-190823/audio/829ef63179d085796793ccc39550311c>
- ‘Qantas says customer data released by cyber criminals months after cyber breach’, Reuters, (online, 12 October 2025) <https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/qantas-says-customer-data-released-by-cyber-criminals-months-after-cyber-breach-2025-10-12/>
- Rashida Yosufzai, ‘How does your income compare? What Australians earned in a $1.3 trillion year’, SBS News, (Web Page, 18 November 2025) <https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/how-your-income-compares-australia/tm3jek6z5>
- ‘Ravenhall woman charged after alleged stabbing spree in Bairnsdale, Victoria’, ABC News, (Web Page, 29 May 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-05-30/bairnsdale-police-woman-stabbings-four-men/105356182>
- Richard Denniss, Matt Grudnoff, and David Richardson, ‘The macroeconomic impact of the NSW public sector pay cut’, The Australia Institute, (online, June 2020) <https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Macroeconomic-impact-of-the-NSW-public-sector-pay-cut-WEB.pdf>
- Richard Willingham, ‘Melbourne's West Gate Tunnel to open on Sunday, Premier Jacinta Allan announces’, ABC News, (Web Page, 12 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-12/vic-west-gate-tunnel-ready-to-open/106134682>
- ‘Report on Government Services 2025’, Australian Government Productivity Commission, (Web Page, 10 JUNE 2025) <https://www.pc.gov.au/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2025/justice/police-services/>
- ‘Rushed, secretive and dismissive – the dirty deal which degrades our democracy’, The Australia Institute, (Web Page, 13 February 2025) <https://australiainstitute.org.au/post/rushed-secretive-and-dismissive-the-dirty-deal-which-degrades-our-democracy/>
- Ruth Comerford, ‘Australia senator condemned for burka stunt in parliament’, BBC, (Web Page, 25 November 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz94pdkzqvwo>
- Samuel Yang, ‘Think tank says an overlooked solution to Australia's housing crisis could unlock about 1 million new homes’, ABC News, (Web Page, 01 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-01/modest-density-increases-in-biggest-cities-can-add-more-homes/106087254>
- Sandra Fulloon, ‘‘No food, no money’: Khoa was abandoned and owed $10,000 in unpaid wages. He’s not alone’, SBS News, (online, 22 November 2025) <https://www.sbs.com.au/news/podcast-episode/no-food-no-money-khoa-was-abandoned-and-owed-10-000-in-unpaid-wages-hes-not-alone/o9uj8zvmv>
- Sandra Moon and Sarah Krieg ‘10 more regional Victorian courts to shut doors on non-sitting days’, ABC News, (online, Thu 17 Jul 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-17/regional-victorian-court-closures-non-sitting-days/105529294>
- Sarah Basford Canales, ‘Details of $25m in Australian taxpayer-funded VIP flights to stay secret’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 12 June 2024) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/jun/12/details-of-25m-in-australian-taxpayer-funded-vip-flights-to-stay-secret>
- Sarah Buchecker and Nethma Dandeniya, ‘Retailers in north-west Victoria fed up with increasing crime rates amid proposed state law change’, ABC News, (Web Page, 24 November 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-24/mildura-shops-fight-back-against-increasing-retail-crime/105920374>
- Sarah Forster, ‘Former Dobell MP Craig Thomson jailed over multi-million-dollar migration fraud’, ABC News, (Web Page, 18 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-18/former-dobell-mp-craig-thomson-jailed-for-migration-fraud/106153350>
- Sarah Martin, ‘Criminal charges against Australian debt collection company Panthera Finance dismissed’, The Guardian, (Web Page, 25 November 2025) <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/nov/25/criminal-charges-against-australian-debt-collection-company-panthera-finance-dismissed>
- Sarah Shamim, ‘Bondi Beach shooting: How tough are Australia’s gun laws?’, ALJAZEERA, (Web Page, 15 December 2025) <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/12/15/bondi-beach-shooting-how-tough-are-australias-gun-laws>
- Sharri Markson, ‘Climate Change Department chief replaces heads of ASIO and ASIS on National Security Committee of Cabinet’, SKY News, (Web Page, 19 March 2024) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/defence-and-foreign-affairs/climate-change-department-chief-replaces-heads-of-asio-and-asis-on-national-security-committee-of-cabinet/news-story/fb474d71eea38d423f82e0eb9045cf04>
- Sophia McCaughan, ‘Gun law debate raises questions about why some own scores of firearms’, ABC News, (Web Page, 19 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-19/gun-numbers-debate-hunters-farmers/106156544>
- சுபகுணம், ‘இந்திய கழிவறை - மேற்கத்திய கழிவறை: யாருக்கு எந்த முறை உகந்தது?’, BBC News தமிழ், (இணைய பக்கம், 08 டிசம்பர் 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/tamil/articles/cdegey9p07eo>
- Tamika Seeto, ‘ATO's $24,097 tax blow for every Aussie worker’, Yahoo Finance, (Web Page, 23 April 2025) <https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/atos-24097-tax-blow-for-every-aussie-worker-001301559.html>
- ‘Thalidomide’s big lie overshadows corporate apology’, Reuters, (Web Page, 13 September 2012) <https://www.reuters.com/article/opinion/thalidomides-big-lie-overshadows-corporate-apology-idUS3878800490/>
- Tiffanie Turnbull, ‘'I've grown up in fear': Jewish Australians say rising antisemitism made attack predictable’, BBC, (Web Page, 15 December 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20gl66r0wno>
- Tiffanie Turnbull, ‘Bruce Lehrmann: Judge finds Brittany Higgins was raped inside parliament’, BBC, (Web Page, 15 April 2024) <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-68814811>
- Tiffanie Turnbull and Helen Sullivan, ‘'I knew something was seriously wrong - again': Bondi area reels from two deadly attacks in two years’, BBC, (Web Page, 22 December 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn8eknv7zkyo>
- ‘Two Australian universities currently facing class action over unaccredited degrees’, SKY News, (online, 09 October 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/two-australian-universities-currently-facing-class-action-over-unaccredited-degrees/news-story/5c040052b0ab15f22488a242ff9e9b46?amp&nk=2e30449de0016a0b7b7b4faf13e93ef6-1760154898>
- ‘Two men charged with allegedly trafficking firearms following international investigation into kidnapping’, AFP News Centre, (Web Page, 13 September 2025) <https://www.afp.gov.au/news-centre/media-release/two-men-charged-allegedly-trafficking-firearms-following-international>
- Virginia Trioli, ‘Australia's social media ban reminds us of the power of a loving boundary’, ABC News, (Web Page, 13 December 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-12-13/social-media-ban-teens-roblox-son-boundary-safety/106131786>
- ‘‘Untrammelled power’: Legacy of Daniel Andrews’ reign detailed as Victoria left less prosperous, less democratic and less free’, SKY News, (Web Page, 03 December 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/untrammelled-power-legacy-of-daniel-andrews-reign-detailed-as-victoria-left-less-prosperous-less-democratic-and-less-free/news-story/700818de17a7a0407b31f23143a1095d?amp&nk=60097ae41e4cc4b1f1bac07c2be46bfc-1764724860>
- ‘Victoria's financial future and 'reliance on debt' detailed in auditor-general report’, ABC News, (Web Page, 24 November 2025) <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-24/victoria-auditor-general-financial-report/106045146>
- ‘Victorian government backflips after being accused of creating ‘pedestrian tollways’ in Melbourne's Metro Tunnel project’, SKY News, (Web Page, 26 November 2025) <https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/victorian-government-backflips-after-being-accused-of-creating-pedestrian-tollways-in-melbournes-metro-tunnel-project/news-story/682824eb0a665a1b1b9480b225d6cd6b?amp&nk=60097ae41e4cc4b1f1bac07c2be46bfc-1764261492>
- Yang Tian, ‘Australia's looming election brings housing crisis into focus’, BBC, (Web Page, 14 April 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq5wlevy647o>
- Yang Tian, ‘Australian politician fined for supplying cocaine’, BBC, (Web Page, 24 April 2025) <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr783dd08k3o>
- Youssef Saudie and Deborah Groarke, ‘An urgent warning has been issued to international students departing Australia to not sell their bank accounts and ID to criminals’, SBS ondemand, (Web Page, 24 November 2025) <https://www.sbs.com.au/language/indonesian/en/podcast-episode/warning-issued-over-quick-cash-scam-targeting-international-students/3sojcej93>
Referencing Styles
ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards) - Used in: Brazil academic writing.
ACS (American Chemical Society) - Used in: Chemistry. Three citation systems (numeric, superscript, or author–date).
*AGLC4 (The Australian Guide to Legal Citation) - Used in: Academics, legal practitioners, law students, the judiciary, legal writing, and research.
AIP (American Institute of Physics) - Used in: Physics.
AMA (American Medical Association) - Used in: Medicine, Biomedical Sciences. Numeric style.
APA7 (American Psychological Association) - Psychology, Education, Social Sciences.
APS (American Psychological Society) - Used in: Psychological sciences (less common than APA).
APSA (American Political Science Association) - Used in: Political Science.
ASA (American Sociological Association) - Used in: Sociology.
Bluebook - Used in: Law in the United States.
Chicago Style - Two systems: Notes and Bibliography (History, Humanities) & Author–Date (Sciences, Social Sciences).
CSE (Council of Science Editors) - Used in: Biology, Life Sciences. Three systems: Name–Year, Citation–Sequence, Citation–Name.
Harvard Referencing - Used widely across many disciplines. Similar to APA but not identical; variations exist by institution.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - Used in: Engineering, Technology, Computer Science. Numeric citation style.
ISO 690 - International standard referencing style (used in Europe).
MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) - Used in: Humanities (especially UK).
MLA (Modern Language Association) - Used in: Literature, Arts, Humanities.
NLM (National Library of Medicine) - Used in: Biomedical sciences.
OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities) - Used in: Law in UK and Commonwealth countries.
Turabian - Student-friendly version of Chicago. Used for theses and dissertations.
Vancouver - Used in: Medicine, Health Sciences. Numeric superscript or bracketed numbers.
